International Health Partnership

Is a dislocation of the hip joint that is present at birth and is a condition found in babies or young children.
Alternative Names

Developmental dislocation of the hip Developmental dysplasia of the hip joint, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, DDH, DDH
Causes and Risk Factors

The hip is a ball and socket joint. The ball, called the femoral head, upper thigh bone (femur) and socket (acetabulum) forms in the pelvis.

The hip may be way out of the joint or the socket may be a bit superficial. One or both hips may be involved.

The cause of this condition is unknown, but it is possible that genetic factors play a role. Low levels of amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy may increase the risk to the baby you have this disease. Other risk factors may include:

* Being firstborn
* Being female
* Breech Birth
* Family history of this disorder

This disease occurs in 1 in 1,000 births.
Symptoms

It may not have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur include:

* Different leg positions (asymmetrical)
* Reduced movement on the side of the body affected by the dislocation
* Shorter leg on the affected side
* Uneven folds of thigh fat

After 3 months of age, the affected leg may turn outward or be shorter than the other leg.
Signs and tests

Pediatricians routinely screen all newborns and infants for hip dysplasia. To detect the dislocation of the hip or to detect a dislocated hip that might exist several methods.

An ultrasound of the hip is the most important method to demonstrate the problem. A radiograph of the hip joint may help diagnose the condition in older infants and children.

A hip that is truly dislocated in an infant should be detected at birth, but some cases are mild and symptoms may not develop until after birth, which is why multiple exams are recommended. Some mild cases are silent and can not be detected during a physical examination.
Treatment

In early infancy, positioning with a device to keep the legs apart and turned outward (frog-leg position) will usually hold the hip joint in place. If there is a problem in maintaining proper position, place a splint on your child’s leg and changed as it grows.

You may need surgery if early measures to put the joint in place are unsuccessful or if the problem was first detected in an older child.
Expectations (prognosis)

If dysplasia is detected in the first months of life, almost always can be successfully treated using a brace. In a few cases, surgery is needed to put the hip in the joint. An older age at diagnosis may be associated with a poor prognosis and may require more complex surgery to correct the problem.
Complications

Bracing devices may cause skin irritation. The asymmetry in the length of the extremities may persist despite appropriate treatment.

Untreated, hip dysplasia can lead to arthritis and deterioration of the body, which can be severely debilitating.

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